Wie funktioniert Vitamin D & wie ist die Dosierung

Januar 7, 2021
DEEP BODY EFFECT DEEP BODY EFFECT 291 Nahrungsergänzung
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Übersicht Informationen

Vitamin D wird zur Regulierung der im Körper vorkommenden Mineralstoffe Calcium und Phosphor benötigt. Es spielt auch eine wichtige Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung der richtigen Knochenstruktur. 

Die Sonnenexposition ist für die meisten Menschen eine einfache und zuverlässige Methode, um Vitamin D zu erhalten. Die Exposition der Hände, des Gesichts, der Arme und der Beine erfolgt 2-3 mal pro Woche für etwa ein Viertel der Zeit, die für die Entwicklung eines Mildes erforderlich wäre Durch Sonnenbrand wird die Haut ausreichend mit Vitamin D versorgt. Die erforderliche Einwirkzeit variiert je nach Alter, Hauttyp, Jahreszeit, Tageszeit usw. Nur 6 Tage bei Tageslicht ohne Sonnencreme können 49 Tage lang keine Sonneneinstrahlung verursachen. Körperfett wirkt wie eine Art Speicherbatterie für Vitamin D. Bei Sonneneinstrahlung wird Vitamin D in Fett gespeichert und bei Sonnenbestrahlung freigesetzt.

Vitamin-D-Mangel ist häufiger als Sie vielleicht erwarten. Besonders gefährdet sind Menschen, die nicht genug Sonne bekommen, insbesondere Menschen, die in Kanada und der nördlichen Hälfte der USA leben. Aber auch Menschen, die in sonnigen Klimazonen leben, könnten gefährdet sein, möglicherweise weil die Menschen drinnen bleiben, sich draußen verstecken oder Sonnenschutzmittel verwenden, um das Hautkrebsrisiko zu verringern.

Ältere Menschen sind ebenfalls einem Vitamin-D-Mangel ausgesetzt. Sie verbringen weniger Zeit in der Sonne, haben weniger “Rezeptoren” in ihrer Haut, die Sonnenlicht in Vitamin D umwandeln, erhalten möglicherweise kein Vitamin D in ihrer Ernährung, können Schwierigkeiten haben, Vitamin D aufzunehmen, auch wenn sie es in ihrer Ernährung bekommen und könnte mehr Schwierigkeiten haben, diätetisches Vitamin D aufgrund von Nierenproblemen in eine nützliche Form zu überführen. In der Tat vermuten einige Wissenschaftler, dass das Risiko für Vitamin-D-Mangel bei Menschen über 65 Jahren sehr hoch ist. So viele wie 40% der älteren Leute, die in den sonnigen Klimas wie South Florida leben, haben möglicherweise nicht optimale Mengen von Vitamin D in ihren Systemen.

Vitamin-D-Präparate können für ältere Menschen, Menschen, die in nördlichen Breiten leben, und für dunkelhäutige Menschen, die zusätzliche Zeit in der Sonne brauchen, aber nicht bekommen. Sprechen Sie mit Ihrem Arzt, ob eine Ergänzung für Sie am besten ist.

Wie funktioniert Vitamin D ?

Vitamin D wird zur Regulierung der im Körper vorkommenden Mineralstoffe Calcium und Phosphor benötigt. Es spielt auch eine wichtige Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung der richtigen Knochenstruktur. 

Die Sonnenexposition ist für die meisten Menschen eine einfache, zuverlässige Methode, um Vitamin D zu erhalten. Die Exposition der Hände, des Gesichts, der Arme und der Beine zwei bis drei Mal pro Woche für etwa ein Viertel der Zeit, die für die Entwicklung eines Milds erforderlich wäre Sonnenbrand wird dazu führen, dass die Haut genügend Vitamin D produziert. Die notwendige Einwirkzeit variiert mit Alter, Hauttyp, Jahreszeit, Tageszeit usw.

Es ist erstaunlich, wie schnell ausreichende Mengen an Vitamin D durch Sonnenlicht wiederhergestellt werden können. Nur 6 Tage bei Tageslicht ohne Sonnencreme können 49 Tage lang keine Sonneneinstrahlung verursachen. Körperfett wirkt wie eine Art Speicherbatterie für Vitamin D. Bei Sonneneinstrahlung wird Vitamin D in fettem Fett gespeichert und bei Sonnenbestrahlung freigesetzt.

Dennoch ist Vitamin-D-Mangel häufiger als erwartet. Besonders gefährdet sind Menschen, die nicht genug Sonne bekommen, insbesondere Menschen, die in Kanada und der nördlichen Hälfte der USA leben. Ein Vitamin-D-Mangel tritt auch in sonnigen Klimazonen auf, möglicherweise weil die Menschen drinnen bleiben und sich draußen verstecken, oder wenn sie heutzutage Sonnenschutzmittel konsumieren, um das Hautkrebsrisiko zu reduzieren.

Ältere Menschen sind ebenfalls einem Vitamin-D-Mangel ausgesetzt. Sie verbringen weniger Zeit in der Sonne, haben weniger “Rezeptoren” in ihrer Haut, die Sonnenlicht in Vitamin D umwandeln, erhalten möglicherweise kein Vitamin D in ihrer Ernährung, können Schwierigkeiten haben, Vitamin D aufzunehmen, auch wenn sie es in ihrer Ernährung bekommen , und könnte mehr Schwierigkeiten haben, diätetisches Vitamin D aufgrund alternder Nieren in eine nützliche Form zu überführen. In der Tat ist das Risiko für Vitamin-D-Mangel bei Menschen über 65 Jahren sehr hoch. Überraschenderweise haben sogar 40% der älteren Menschen in sonnigen Klimazonen wie Südflorida nicht genug Vitamin D in ihren Systemen.

Vitamin-D-Präparate können für ältere Menschen, Menschen, die in nördlichen Breiten leben, und für dunkelhäutige Menschen, die zusätzliche Zeit in der Sonne brauchen, aber nicht bekommen.

Verwendung und Effektivität ?


Wirksam für

  • Niedrige Phosphatspiegel im Blut aufgrund einer erblichen Erkrankung, familiäre Hypophosphatämie genannt. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D (Calcitriol oder Dihydrotachysterol) zusammen mit Phosphatpräparaten ist wirksam zur Behandlung von Knochenerkrankungen bei Personen mit niedrigen Phosphatspiegeln im Blut.
  • Niedrige Phosphatspiegel im Blut aufgrund einer Krankheit namens Fanconi-Syndrom. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol) durch den Mund ist wirksam zur Behandlung niedriger Phosphatspiegel im Blut aufgrund einer Krankheit, die als Fanconi-Syndrom bezeichnet wird.
  • Niedriger Kalziumspiegel im Blut aufgrund von niedrigen Parathormonspiegeln. Niedrige Konzentrationen von Parathormon können dazu führen, dass der Kalziumspiegel zu niedrig wird. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D (Dihydrotachysterol, Calcitriol oder Ergocalciferol) durch den Mund ist wirksam zur Erhöhung der Kalziumspiegel im Blut bei Menschen mit niedrigem Parathormonspiegel.
  • Erweichung der Knochen (Osteomalazie). Die Einnahme von Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) ist wirksam bei der Behandlung der Erweichung der Knochen. Auch die Einnahme von Vitamin D (Calcifediol) ist wirksam zur Behandlung der Erweichung der Knochen aufgrund von Lebererkrankungen. Darüber hinaus ist die Einnahme von Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol) wirksam bei der Behandlung von Knochenerweichungen, die durch Medikamente oder schlechte Absorptionssyndrome verursacht werden.
  • Psoriasis. Die Anwendung von Vitamin D oder Calcipotrien (eine synthetische Form von Vitamin D) auf die Haut behandelt bei manchen Menschen Psoriasis. Das Auftragen von Vitamin D auf die Haut zusammen mit Creme enthaltenden Arzneimitteln, die als Corticosteroide bezeichnet werden, scheint zur Behandlung von Psoriasis wirksamer zu sein als nur die Verwendung von Vitamin D oder der Corticosteroid-Cremes allein.
  • Eine Knochenerkrankung namens renale Osteodystrophie, die bei Menschen mit Nierenversagen auftritt. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D (Calcifediol) durch den Mund sorgt für einen niedrigen Kalziumspiegel und beugt Knochenverlust bei Menschen mit Nierenversagen vor. Jedoch scheint Vitamin D das Risiko von Tod oder Knochenschmerzen bei Menschen mit Nierenversagen nicht zu verringern.
  • Rachitis. Vitamin D ist wirksam zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung von Rachitis. Eine bestimmte Form von Vitamin D, Calcitriol, sollte bei Menschen mit Nierenversagen verwendet werden.
  • Mangel an Vitamin D. Vitamin D ist wirksam zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung von Vitamin-D-Mangel.

Wahrscheinlich effektiv für

  • Knochenverlust bei Menschen, die Medikamente namens Kortikosteroide nehmen. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D (Calcifediol, Cholecalciferol, Calcitriol oder Alfacalcidol) durch den Mund verhindert den Verlust von Knochen bei Menschen, die Medikamente einnehmen, die Kortikosteroide genannt werden. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D alleine oder mit Kalzium scheint die Knochendichte bei Menschen mit bestehendem Knochenverlust zu verbessern, der durch den Einsatz von Kortikosteroiden verursacht wird.
  • Verhindern von Stürzen bei älteren Menschen. Forscher haben beobachtet, dass Menschen, die nicht genug Vitamin D haben, häufiger fallen als Menschen, die das tun. Die Einnahme eines Vitamin D Supplements scheint das Sturzrisiko um bis zu 22% zu reduzieren. Höhere Dosen von Vitamin D sind wirksamer als niedrigere Dosen. Eine Studie ergab, dass die Einnahme von 800 IE Vitamin D das Risiko eines Sturzes reduzierte, niedrigere Dosen jedoch nicht.
  • Außerdem kann Vitamin D in Kombination mit Kalzium, aber nicht mit Kalzium alleine, Stürze verhindern, indem es den Körperschwung und den Blutdruck verringert. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D plus Kalzium scheint Stürze bei Frauen stärker zu verhindern als bei Männern und bei älteren Menschen, die in Krankenhäusern oder Pflegeheimen leben, als bei solchen, die in Gemeinschaftswohnungen leben.
  • Osteoporose (schwache Knochen). Die Einnahme einer bestimmten Form von Vitamin D, genannt Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) zusammen mit Kalzium, scheint Knochenverlust und Knochenbrüchen vorzubeugen.

Möglicherweise effektiv für

  • Hohlräume. Eine Analyse der klinischen Forschung legt nahe, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D in Formen wie Cholecalciferol oder Ergocalciferol das Risiko von Karies bei Säuglingen, Kindern und Jugendlichen um 36% bis 49% reduziert.
  • Herzfehler. Einige frühe Untersuchungen legen nahe, dass Menschen mit niedrigen Vitamin-D-Spiegeln ein erhöhtes Risiko haben, eine Herzinsuffizienz zu entwickeln, verglichen mit denen mit höheren Vitamin-D-Spiegeln. Auch die meisten Studien deuten darauf hin, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin-D-Ergänzungen, einschließlich Vitamin D in einer Form wie Cholecalciferol, das Risiko des Todes bei Menschen mit Herzinsuffizienz verringern kann.
  • Knochenverlust durch zu viel Parathormon (Hyperparathyreoidismus). Die Einnahme von Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Cholecalciferol bekannt ist, scheint den Parathormonspiegel und den Knochenschwund bei Frauen mit einem so genannten Hyperparathyreoidismus zu reduzieren.
  • Multiple Sklerose (MS). Frühe Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die langfristige Einnahme von Vitamin D das Risiko, an MS zu erkranken, um bis zu 40% reduziert. Die Einnahme von mindestens 400 IE täglich, die typischerweise in einem Multivitaminpräparat enthalten ist, scheint am besten zu funktionieren.
  • Infektionen der Atemwege. Die meisten Studien zeigen, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D dazu beiträgt, Atemwegsinfektionen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen zu verhindern. Eine Infektion der Atemwege kann die Grippe, eine Erkältung oder ein Asthmaanfall sein, der durch eine Erkältung oder eine andere Infektion ausgelöst wird. Einige Studien zeigen, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D während der Schwangerschaft das Risiko dieser Infektionen bei Kindern nach der Geburt reduziert. Aber widersprüchliche Ergebnisse existieren.
  • Zahnverlust. Die Einnahme von Kalzium und Vitamin D in Form von Cholecalciferol durch den Mund scheint Zahnverlust bei älteren Menschen zu verhindern.

Möglicherweise unwirksam für

  • Brustkrebs. Hinweise auf die Auswirkungen von Vitamin D auf das Brustkrebsrisiko sind nicht klar. Der beste Beweis stammt aus einer großen Studie namens “Women's Health Initiative”, in der festgestellt wurde, dass die Einnahme von 400 IE Vitamin D und 1000 mg Calcium pro Tag die Wahrscheinlichkeit, an postmenopausalen Frauen zu erkranken, nicht senkt. Es bleibt jedoch die Möglichkeit, dass hohe Dosen von Vitamin D das Brustkrebsrisiko bei jüngeren Frauen senken können.
  • Krebs. Obwohl einige Studien zeigen, dass Menschen, die eine hohe Dosis an Vitamin D einnehmen, ein geringeres Risiko haben, an Krebs zu erkranken, unterstützen die meisten Studien dies nicht.
  • Herzkrankheit. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass Menschen mit einem niedrigen Vitamin-D-Spiegel im Blut häufiger an Herzkrankheiten wie Herzversagen leiden als Menschen mit einem höheren Vitamin-D-Spiegel. Allerdings scheint die Einnahme von Vitamin D das Leben von Menschen mit Herzerkrankungen nicht zu verlängern.
  • Frakturen. Vitamin D scheint Frakturen bei älteren Menschen nicht zu verhindern, wenn sie allein oder in geringen Dosen mit Kalzium verwendet werden. Vitamin D scheint auch keine Frakturen bei älteren Menschen zu verhindern, die in der Gemeinschaft leben, wenn sie in höheren Dosen mit Kalzium verwendet werden. Aber es könnte dazu beitragen, Frakturen bei älteren Menschen in einem Pflegeheim zu verhindern.
  • Bluthochdruck. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass Menschen mit niedrigen Vitamin-D-Spiegeln ein höheres Risiko für Bluthochdruck haben als Menschen mit normalen Vitamin D-Spiegeln im Blut. Die meisten Studien weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D den Blutdruck bei Menschen mit hohem Blutspiegel nicht senkt Druck.
  • Knochenverlust bei Menschen mit Nierentransplantationen. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Calcitriol durch den Mund zusammen mit Calcium bekannt ist, verringert den Knochenverlust bei Menschen mit Nierentransplantationen nicht.
  • Tuberkulose. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D durch den Mund scheint nicht zur Heilung von Tuberkuloseinfektionen beizutragen.

Unzureichende Beweise für

  • Alzheimer-Erkrankung. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass Menschen mit Alzheimer-Krankheit niedrigere Vitamin-D-Spiegel im Blut haben als Patienten ohne Alzheimer-Krankheit. Es ist nicht klar, ob Vitamin D Menschen mit Alzheimer-Krankheit hilft.
  • Asthma. Menschen mit Asthma und niedrigen Vitamin-D-Spiegeln im Blut scheinen häufiger einen Inhalator zu verwenden und haben ein höheres Risiko für Asthma-Komplikationen. Die Rolle von Vitamin-D-Präparaten bei der Behandlung von Asthma ist jedoch unklar. Die bisher besten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D über einen Zeitraum von bis zu einem Jahr die Rate schwerer Asthmaanfälle bei Erwachsenen und Kindern mit Asthma um etwa 31% bis 36% reduzieren kann. Aber es ist noch zu früh, um zu wissen, ob, wenn überhaupt, Menschen mit Asthma am ehesten auf eine Behandlung mit Vitamin D reagieren.
  • Überwucherung von Bakterien in der Vagina (bakterielle Vaginose). Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D die bakterielle Vaginose bei Frauen mit hohem Risiko für sexuell übertragbare Krankheiten nicht verhindert, wenn sie zusammen mit einer Standardtherapie eingenommen werden.
  • Nierenkrankheit. Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass Vitamin D bei Menschen mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung die Parathormonspiegel senkt. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D scheint jedoch das Risiko für Menschen mit Nierenerkrankungen nicht zu senken. Auch die Einnahme von Vitamin D könnte den Kalzium- und Phosphatspiegel bei Menschen mit Nierenerkrankungen erhöhen.
  • Chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD). Menschen mit COPD scheinen einen niedrigeren Vitamin-D-Spiegel zu haben als Menschen ohne COPD. Aber es gibt nicht genug Informationen, um zu wissen, ob die Einnahme von Vitamin-D-Präparaten die COPD-Symptome verringern kann.
  • Mentale Funktion. Frühe Forschung zeigt, dass niedrige Vitamin-D-Spiegel mit einer schlechteren mentalen Leistung im Vergleich zu hohen Vitamin-D-Spiegeln verbunden sind. Es ist jedoch nicht klar, ob die Einnahme von Vitamin D die mentale Funktion verbessern kann.
  • Kolorektaler Krebs. Es ist nicht klar, ob Vitamin D Darmkrebs von Vorteil sein könnte. Einige Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Vitamin D ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Entwicklung von Darmkrebs sein könnte. Aber andere Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D mit Kalzium nicht das Risiko von Darmkrebs senkt.
  • Kritische Erkrankung, die im Krankenhaus intensiv behandelt werden muss. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass die Verabreichung von Vitamin D an Menschen, die auf einer Intensivstation mit einer kritischen Krankheit hospitalisiert sind, das Überleben verbessern könnte. Der Nutzen von Vitamin D könnte auf Personen mit sehr niedrigen Vitamin-D-Spiegeln begrenzt sein. Mehr Forschung ist erforderlich.
  • Demenz. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass Menschen mit Demenz einen niedrigeren Vitamin-D-Spiegel im Blut haben als Menschen ohne Demenz. Es ist jedoch nicht bekannt, ob Vitamin D Menschen mit Demenz hilft.
  • Diabetes. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Menschen mit einem niedrigeren Vitamin-D-Spiegel im Vergleich zu Menschen mit einem höheren Vitamin-D-Spiegel eher Typ-2-Diabetes entwickeln. Es ist jedoch unklar, ob die Einnahme von Vitamin-D-Präparaten zur Behandlung oder Vorbeugung von Typ-2-Diabetes geeignet ist. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass die tägliche Gabe von Vitamin-D-Präparaten an Säuglinge im ersten Lebensjahr mit einem geringeren Risiko verbunden ist, später im Leben Typ-1-Diabetes zu entwickeln.
  • Verhindern von Stürzen bei älteren Menschen.Die Rolle von Vitamin D für die Sturzprävention ist verwirrend und umstritten. Die 2010 veröffentlichten Leitlinien für klinische Praktiken empfehlen, dass ältere Menschen mit einem niedrigen Vitamin-D-Spiegel oder einem erhöhten Sturzrisiko täglich 800 IE Vitamin D einnehmen, um das Sturzrisiko zu reduzieren. Diese Empfehlungen werden sowohl von der Bevölkerungsforschung als auch von einigen klinischen Studien unterstützt. Menschen, die nicht genug Vitamin D haben, neigen dazu, häufiger zu fallen als Menschen, die das tun. Einige Studien zeigen, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D das Sturzrisiko und die Sturzrate bei älteren Menschen reduziert. Es ist nicht bekannt, ob Vitamin D besser wirkt, wenn es alleine oder mit Kalzium eingenommen wird. Es gibt auch Spekulationen, dass Vitamin D nur Stürze bei Menschen mit Vitamin-D-Mangel reduziert. Trotz dieser positiven Ergebnisse zeigen einige Untersuchungen, dass Vitamin D nicht t Stürze bei älteren Menschen verhindern. Der bisher beste Beweis zeigt, dass Vitamin D das Sturzrisiko bei älteren Menschen nicht senkt. Aktuelle Leitlinien der klinischen Praxis empfehlen nicht Vitamin D zur Sturzprävention bei älteren Erwachsenen, die zu Hause leben und keine Osteoporose oder niedrige Vitamin-D-Spiegel haben. Es besteht die Meinung, dass die widersprüchlichen Ergebnisse bezüglich der Auswirkungen von Vitamin D auf die Sturzprävention auf die Art und Weise zurückzuführen sind, in der klinische Studiendaten berichtet werden. Auch die Größe der klinischen Studie kann die Ergebnisse beeinflussen. Es ist möglich, dass einige Patienten immer noch von einer Vitamin-D-Supplementierung profitieren, um das Sturzrisiko zu reduzieren. Aber wer genau davon profitieren könnte und welche Dosis oder Dauer der Behandlung gegebenenfalls optimal ist, bleibt unklar. Für diejenigen, die ein Risiko für Vitamin-D-Mangel haben, sollte ein Vitamin-D-Zuschlag in Betracht gezogen werden.
  • Ein Zustand der chronischen Schmerzen, genannt Fibromyalgie. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D den Schmerz bei Menschen mit Fibromyalgie und niedrigen Vitamin-D-Spiegeln im Blut verringern könnte. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D scheint jedoch der Stimmung oder der Lebensqualität nicht zu helfen.
  • Hoher Cholesterinspiegel. Menschen mit einem niedrigeren Vitamin-D-Spiegel scheinen häufiger einen hohen Cholesterinspiegel zu haben als Menschen mit einem höheren Vitamin-D-Spiegel. Begrenzte Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass die gleichzeitige Einnahme von Kalzium plus Vitamin D in Kombination mit einer kalorienarmen Diät das “gute” (HDL) Cholesterin erhöht und das “schlechte” (LDL) Cholesterin bei übergewichtigen Frauen senkt. Die Einnahme von Calcium plus Vitamin D ohne diätetische Einschränkungen reduziert jedoch nicht den LDL-Cholesterinspiegel. Andere Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Vitamin D tatsächlich LDL erhöhen kann und keine positive Wirkung auf HDL, Triglyceride oder Gesamtcholesterin hat.
  • Niedriges Geburtsgewicht. Die Auswirkung der Einnahme von Vitamin D während der Schwangerschaft auf das Risiko eines niedrigen Geburtsgewichts oder einer geringen Geburt im Gestationsalter ist inkonsistent. Zusätzliche Studien sind erforderlich, um festzustellen, wer gegebenenfalls davon profitieren könnte und welche Dosis oder Formulierung von Vitamin D optimal ist, um ein niedriges Geburtsgewicht zu vermeiden.
  • Metabolisches Syndrom. Es gibt widersprüchliche Hinweise auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Vitamin D und metabolischem Syndrom. Einige Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass Frauen im Alter von mindestens 45 Jahren, die hohe Mengen an Vitamin D zu sich nehmen oder Vitamin-D-Präparate einnehmen, kein geringeres Risiko haben, ein metabolisches Syndrom zu entwickeln. Andere Forschungsergebnisse legen jedoch nahe, dass höhere Vitamin-D-Spiegel mit einem geringeren Risiko für das metabolische Syndrom verbunden sind.
  • Muskelkraft. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D durch den Mund scheint die Muskelkraft bei Menschen mit ausreichenden Vitamin-D-Spiegeln im Blut nicht zu verbessern. Die alleinige Einnahme von Vitamin D allein oder in Kombination mit Kalzium kann jedoch die Muskelkraft der Hüft- und Beinmuskulatur bei Personen mit niedrigen Spiegeln verbessern von Vitamin D, besonders die älteren Personen. Einzelne Injektionen von Vitamin D scheinen keine günstigen Auswirkungen zu haben.
  • Eine Blutzellkrankheit namens myelodysplastisches Syndrom. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D in Form von Calcitriol oder Calcifediol durch den Mund scheint Menschen mit myelodysplastischem Syndrom zu helfen.
  • Totales Todesrisiko. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass niedrige Vitamin-D-Spiegel mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Todesfälle verbunden sind. Einige Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Menschen, die täglich Vitamin-D-Präparate einnehmen, ein geringeres Sterberisiko haben. Andere Forschungsergebnisse deuten jedoch darauf hin, dass Vitamin D das Risiko des Todes nur verringert, wenn es zusammen mit Kalzium eingenommen wird.
  • Zahnfleischerkrankungen. Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass höhere Blutspiegel von Vitamin D mit einem verringerten Risiko für Zahnfleischerkrankungen bei Menschen im Alter von 50 Jahren oder älter verbunden sind. Dies scheint jedoch für Erwachsene unter 50 Jahren nicht zu gelten. Es ist nicht bekannt, ob die Einnahme von Vitamin-D-Präparaten das Risiko einer Zahnfleischerkrankung senkt.
  • Schmerzen. Frühe Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D den Schmerz bei Menschen mit Langzeitschmerzen reduzieren kann. Mehr Forschung ist erforderlich, um diese Ergebnisse zu bestätigen.
  • Parkinson-Krankheit. Höhere Vitamin-D-Werte wurden mit milderen Symptomen der Parkinson-Krankheit in Verbindung gebracht. Aber die Einnahme von Vitamin-D-Präparaten scheint die Symptome der Parkinson-Krankheit nicht zu verbessern, obwohl es helfen könnte, eine Verschlechterung der Krankheit zu verhindern. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich.
  • Schwangerschaftsbedingte Komplikationen. Einige Studien zeigen, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D während der Schwangerschaft die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Frühgeburt verringern könnte. Aber diese Studien waren von geringer Qualität. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D während der Schwangerschaft könnte das Risiko, während der Schwangerschaft Diabetes zu entwickeln, verringern. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D scheint Präeklampsie oder schwangerschaftsbedingten Bluthochdruck nicht zu verhindern.
  • Zysten an den Eierstöcken oder PCO (polyzystisches Ovarialsyndrom). Frühe Forschungen zeigen, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D den Eisprung bei Frauen mit PCOS verbessern könnte. Vitamin D zusammen mit Metformin kann die Regelmäßigkeit des Menstruationszyklus verbessern, aber nicht, wenn Vitamin D allein genommen wird.
  • Prämenstruelles Syndrom (PMS). Einige frühe Studien deuten darauf hin, dass der Verzehr von mehr Vitamin D aus der Diät helfen könnte, PMS zu verhindern oder die Symptome zu reduzieren. Die Einnahme von Vitamin-D-Präparaten scheint PMS nicht zu verhindern. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D plus Kalzium könnte jedoch die PMS-Symptome reduzieren.
  • Eine Muskelerkrankung, die proximale Myopathie genannt wird. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Ergocalciferol bekannt ist, durch den Mund oder durch Verabreichung als ein Schuss in den Muskel scheint bei der Behandlung einer Muskelerkrankung zu helfen, die mit Vitamin D-Mangel assoziiert ist.
  • Rheumatoide Arthritis (RA). Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass ältere Frauen, die mehr Vitamin D aus Lebensmitteln oder Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln zu sich nehmen, ein geringeres Risiko haben, rheumatoide Arthritis zu entwickeln.
  • Saisonale Depression (saisonale Depression). Frühe Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Einnahme einer großen Dosis von Vitamin D in Form von Ergocalciferol Symptome der saisonalen Depression verbessert.
  • Nicht-kanzeröse warzenartige Wucherungen auf der Haut (seborrhoische Keratose). Frühe Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Anwendung von Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Cholecalciferol bekannt ist, die Tumorgröße bei einigen Menschen mit seborrhoischer Keratose verringern kann.
  • Muskelschmerzen durch Medikamente namens Statine verursacht. Einige Berichte deuten darauf hin, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin-D-Präparaten die Symptome von Muskelschmerzen bei Patienten, die mit Statin behandelt werden, verringern kann. Um diese Ergebnisse zu bestätigen, ist jedoch eine qualitativ hochwertige Forschung erforderlich.
  • Verdünnung der Vaginalwände (Vaginalatrophie). Frühe Forschung zeigt, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin-D-Ergänzungen für mindestens ein Jahr die Oberfläche der Scheidenwand verbessert. Es scheint jedoch nicht die Symptome der vaginalen Atrophie zu verbessern.
  • Warzen. Berichte legen nahe, dass die Anwendung von Maxacalcitol, das von Vitamin D3 kommt, auf die Haut reduziert werden kann, um virale Warzen bei Menschen mit geschwächtem Immunsystem zu reduzieren.
  • Gewichtsverlust. Frühe Forschungen zeigen, dass Menschen mit niedrigeren Vitamin-D-Spiegeln eher adipös sind als solche mit höheren Spiegeln. Frauen, die Calcium plus Vitamin D einnehmen, nehmen mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit ab und behalten ihr Gewicht. Dieser Vorteil ist jedoch vor allem bei Frauen, die nicht genug Kalzium zu sich nahmen, bevor sie mit der Einnahme von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln begannen. Auch andere Studien zeigen, dass die Einnahme von Vitamin D nur zur Gewichtsabnahme beiträgt, wenn die Blutwerte bei postmenopausalen Übergewichtigen oder adipösen Frauen erhöht sind. Wenn Vitamin D von Menschen eingenommen wird, die übergewichtig und normalgewichtig sind, scheint es nicht mit Gewichtsverlust oder Fettabbau zu helfen.
  • Atemstörungen.
  • Bronchitis.
  • Andere Bedingungen.

Vitamin D3 Nebenwirkungen und Sicherheit

Vitamin D ist wahrhaft sicher, wenn es oral eingenommen oder als ein Schuss in den Muskel in empfohlenen Mengen gegeben wird. Die meisten Menschen haben keine Nebenwirkungen mit Vitamin D, es sei denn, zu viel wird eingenommen. Einige Nebenwirkungen von zu viel Vitamin D gehören Schwäche, Müdigkeit, Schläfrigkeit, Kopfschmerzen, Appetitlosigkeit, Mundtrockenheit, metallischen Geschmack, Übelkeit, Erbrechen und andere.

Die Einnahme von Vitamin D über einen längeren Zeitraum in Dosen von mehr als 4000 Einheiten pro Tag ist möglicherweise nicht sicher und kann zu überhöhten Kalziumwerten im Blut führen. Für die kurzfristige Behandlung eines Vitamin-D-Mangels sind jedoch oft deutlich höhere Dosen erforderlich. Diese Art der Behandlung sollte unter Aufsicht eines Gesundheitsdienstleisters erfolgen.

Besondere Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Warnungen:

Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit : Vitamin D ist wahrhaft sicher während der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit, wenn es in täglichen Mengen unter 4000 Einheiten verwendet wird. Verwenden Sie keine höheren Dosen, wenn Sie nicht von Ihrem Arzt oder Apotheker angewiesen werden. Vitamin D ist möglicherweise nicht sicher, wenn es in größeren Mengen während der Schwangerschaft oder während der Stillzeit verwendet wird. Bei höheren Dosen kann das Kind schwer verletzt werden.

“Verhärtung der Arterien” (Atherosklerose) : Die Einnahme von Vitamin D könnte diesen Zustand insbesondere bei Menschen mit Nierenerkrankungen verschlimmern.

Histoplasmose : Vitamin D kann den Kalziumspiegel bei Menschen mit Histoplasmose erhöhen. Dies könnte zu Nierensteinen und anderen Problemen führen. Verwenden Sie Vitamin D vorsichtig.

Hoher Kalziumspiegel im Blut: Die Einnahme von Vitamin D könnte diesen Zustand verschlimmern.

Überaktive Nebenschilddrüse (Hyperparathyreoidismus) : Vitamin D kann den Kalziumspiegel bei Menschen mit Hyperparathyreoidismus erhöhen. Verwenden Sie Vitamin D vorsichtig.

Lymphom : Vitamin D kann den Kalziumspiegel bei Menschen mit Lymphomen erhöhen. Dies könnte zu Nierensteinen und anderen Problemen führen. Verwenden Sie Vitamin D vorsichtig.

Nierenerkrankung : Vitamin D kann den Kalziumspiegel erhöhen und das Risiko einer “Verhärtung der Arterien” bei Menschen mit schweren Nierenerkrankungen erhöhen. Dies muss ausgeglichen werden mit der Notwendigkeit, renale Osteodystrophie zu verhindern, eine Knochenkrankheit, die auftritt, wenn die Nieren nicht die richtigen Mengen an Calcium und Phosphor im Blut aufrechterhalten. Calciumspiegel sollten bei Patienten mit Nierenerkrankungen sorgfältig überwacht werden.

Sarkoidose : Vitamin D kann den Kalziumspiegel bei Menschen mit Sarkoidose erhöhen. Dies könnte zu Nierensteinen und anderen Problemen führen. Verwenden Sie Vitamin D vorsichtig.

Tuberkulose : Vitamin D könnte den Kalziumspiegel bei Menschen mit Tuberkulose erhöhen. Dies kann zu Komplikationen wie Nierensteinen führen

 

Wechselwirkungen ?

Moderate Interaktion

Sei vorsichtig mit dieser Kombination

!
  • Aluminium interagiert mit VITAMIN DAluminium ist in den meisten Antazida gefunden. Vitamin D kann erhöhen, wie viel Aluminium der Körper absorbiert. Diese Interaktion könnte ein Problem für Menschen mit Nierenerkrankungen sein. Nehmen Sie Vitamin D zwei Stunden vor oder vier Stunden nach Antazida.
  • Calcipotriene (Dovonex) interagiert mit VITAMIN DCalcipotriene ist eine Droge, die Vitamin D ähnlich ist. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D zusammen mit Calcipotrien (Dovonex) könnte die Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen von Calcipotrien (Dovonex) verstärken. Vermeiden Sie die Einnahme von Vitamin D, wenn Sie Calcipotrien (Dovonex) einnehmen.
  • Digoxin (Lanoxin) interagiert mit VITAMIN DVitamin D hilft Ihrem Körper, Kalzium aufzunehmen. Kalzium kann das Herz beeinflussen. Digoxin (Lanoxin) wird verwendet, um Ihr Herz stärker schlagen zu helfen. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D zusammen mit Digoxin (Lanoxin) kann die Wirkung von Digoxin (Lanoxin) verstärken und zu einem unregelmäßigen Herzschlag führen. Wenn Sie Digoxin (Lanoxin) einnehmen, sprechen Sie mit Ihrem Arzt, bevor Sie Vitamin-D-Präparate einnehmen.
  • Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac) interagiert mit VITAMIN DVitamin D hilft Ihrem Körper, Kalzium aufzunehmen. Kalzium kann dein Herz beeinflussen. Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac) kann auch Ihr Herz beeinflussen. Die Einnahme von großen Mengen von Vitamin D zusammen mit Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac) könnte die Wirksamkeit von Diltiazem verringern.
  • Verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) interagiert mit VITAMIN DVitamin D hilft Ihrem Körper, Kalzium aufzunehmen. Kalzium kann das Herz beeinflussen. Verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) kann auch das Herz beeinflussen. Nehmen Sie keine großen Mengen von Vitamin D, wenn Sie Verapamil einnehmen (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan).
  • Wasserpillen (Thiazid-Diuretika) interagieren mit VITAMIN DVitamin D hilft Ihrem Körper, Kalzium aufzunehmen. Einige “Wasserpillen” erhöhen die Menge an Kalzium im Körper. Die Einnahme großer Mengen von Vitamin D zusammen mit einigen “Wasserpillen” kann dazu führen, dass zu viel Kalzium im Körper ist. Dies kann schwerwiegende Nebenwirkungen einschließlich Nierenprobleme verursachen. Einige dieser “Wasserpillen” umfassen Chlorothiazid (Diuril), Hydrochlorothiazid (HydroDIURIL, Esidrix), Indapamid (Lozol), Metolazon (Zaroxolyn) und Chlorthalidon (Hygroton).

Geringfügige Interaktion

Sei wachsam mit dieser Kombination

!
  • Cimetidin (Tagamet) interagiert mit VITAMIN D Der Körper verändert Vitamin D in eine Form, die es verwenden kann. Cimetidin könnte verringern, wie gut der Körper Vitamin D verändert. Dies könnte die Wirksamkeit von Vitamin D verringern. Aber diese Interaktion ist wahrscheinlich für die meisten Menschen nicht wichtig.
  • Heparin interagiert mit VITAMIN D Heparin verlangsamt die Blutgerinnung und kann das Risiko eines Knochenbruchs bei längerem Gebrauch erhöhen. Menschen, die diese Medikamente einnehmen, sollten eine kalzium- und vitaminreiche Ernährung zu sich nehmen.
  • Niedermolekulare Heparine (LMWHS) interagieren mit VITAMIN D Einige Medikamente, die als Heparine mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht bezeichnet werden, können das Risiko erhöhen, einen Knochen zu brechen, wenn sie für längere Zeit verwendet werden. Menschen, die diese Medikamente einnehmen, sollten eine kalzium- und vitaminreiche Ernährung essen. <br /> <br /> Zu diesen Medikamenten gehören Enoxaparin (Lovenox), Dalteparin (Fragmin) und Tinzaparin (Innohep).

Dosierung

: Die folgenden Dosen wurden in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung untersucht worden

ERWACHSENE 

Orale Einnahme:

  • Für Vitamin D-Mangel : 50.000 IE pro Woche für 6-12 Wochen wurde verwendet. Einige Patienten benötigen jedoch für längere Zeit höhere Dosen, um den optimalen Blutspiegel von Vitamin D aufrechtzuerhalten.
  • Zur Vorbeugung von Osteoporose : Bei älteren Erwachsenen wurden 400-1000 IE / Tag Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Cholecalciferol bekannt ist, angewendet. Normalerweise wird es zusammen mit 500-1200 mg Kalzium pro Tag eingenommen. Einige Experten empfahlen höhere Dosen von 1000-2000 IE täglich, und 0,43-1,0 μg / Tag Calcitriol wurden für bis zu 36 Monate verwendet.
  • Zur Vorbeugung von Knochenverlust aufgrund der Verwendung von Corticosteroiden : 0,25-1,0 μg / Tag Vitamin D in Formen bekannt als Calcitriol oder Alfacalcidol wurden für 6-36 Monate verwendet. In vielen Fällen werden diese Formen von Vitamin D zusammen mit Kalzium verwendet. Außerdem wurden für 12 Monate 50-32.000 μg / Tag Vitamin D in Form von Calcifediol verwendet. Schließlich wurden 1750-50.000 IE Vitamin D täglich oder wöchentlich für 6-12 Monate eingenommen.
  • Zur Vorbeugung von Krebs : 1400-1500 mg / Tag Calcium plus 1100 IE / Tag Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Cholecalciferol bekannt ist, wurden bis zu 7 Jahre lang verwendet.
  • Bei Herzinsuffizienz : 800 IE / Tag Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Cholecalciferol bekannt ist, wurden allein oder zusammen mit 1000 mg / Tag Kalzium für 3 Jahre eingenommen.
  • Für Knochenschwund, verursacht durch zu viel Parathormon (Hyperparathyreoidismus) : 800 IE / Tag Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Cholecalciferol bekannt ist, wurden 3 Monate lang verwendet.
  • Multiple Sklerose (MS) : 400 IE / Tag Vitamin D wurde zur Prävention von MS eingesetzt.
  • Zur Vorbeugung von Atemwegsinfektionen : Zwischen 7 Wochen und 13 Monaten wurden 300-4000 IE Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Cholecalciferol bekannt ist, verwendet.
  • Zur Vorbeugung von Zahnverlust bei älteren Menschen : 700 IE / Tag Vitamin D in einer Form, die als Cholecalciferol bekannt ist, wurden in Kombination mit Calcium 500 mg / Tag über 3 Jahre hinweg eingenommen.

Auf die Haut aufgetragen :

  • Für eine bestimmte Art von Psoriasis genannt Plaque-Psoriasis : Eine Form von Vitamin D, bekannt als Calcipotriol wurde auf die Haut allein oder zusammen mit Kortikosteroiden für bis zu 52 Wochen angewendet. Typischerweise ist Calcipotriol in einer Dosis von 50 μg / Gramm enthalten. Zu den spezifischen Produkten, die in klinischen Studien verwendet werden, gehören Daivobet und Dovobet. Diese Produkte enthalten 50 μg / Gramm Calcipotriol und 0,5 mg / Gramm Betamethasondipropionat.

Als Spritze:

  • Bei Vitamin-D-Mangel : 600.000 IE Vitamin D (Arachitol, Solvay Pharma) wurden als Einzelschuss in den Muskel gegeben.

KINDER 

Orale Einnahme :

  • Zur Vorbeugung von Atemwegsinfektionen : Im Schulalter wurden im Winter 1200 IE Vitamin D in Form von Cholecalciferol verabreicht, um Grippe vorzubeugen. Außerdem wurden 500 IE / Tag Cholecalciferol verwendet, um eine Verschlechterung der durch Atemwegsinfektionen verursachten Asthmasymptome zu verhindern.

Die meisten Vitaminpräparate enthalten nur 400 IE (10 mcg) Vitamin D.

Das Institute of Medicine veröffentlicht empfohlene Tagesdosis (RDA), die eine Schätzung der Menge an Vitamin D ist, die die Bedürfnisse der meisten Menschen in der Bevölkerung erfüllt. Die aktuelle RDA wurde 2010 festgelegt. Die RDA variiert je nach Alter wie folgt: 1-70 Jahre alt, 600 IE täglich; 71 Jahre und älter, 800 IE täglich; Schwangere und stillende Frauen, 600 IE täglich. Für Säuglinge im Alter von 0-12 Monaten wird eine ausreichende Aufnahme von 400 IE empfohlen.

Einige Organisationen empfehlen höhere Beträge. Im Jahr 2008 erhöhte die American Academy of Pediatrics die empfohlene tägliche Mindestmenge an Vitamin D auf 400 IE täglich für alle Säuglinge und Kinder, einschließlich der Jugendlichen. Eltern sollten keine Vitamin-D-Flüssigkeiten mit einer Dosis von 400 IE / Tropfen verwenden. Wenn versehentlich ein Tropfen oder ml verabreicht wird, können 10.000 IE / Tag verabreicht werden. Die US-amerikanische Gesundheitsbehörde FDA wird Unternehmen zwingen, in Zukunft nicht mehr als 400 IE pro Tropf zu geben.

Die National Osteoporosis Foundation empfiehlt Vitamin D 400 IE bis 800 IE täglich für Erwachsene unter 50 Jahren und 800 IE bis 1000 IE täglich für ältere Erwachsene.

Die North American Menopause Society empfiehlt täglich 800 IE bis 1000 IE täglich.

Richtlinien der Osteoporose Society of Canada empfehlen 400-1000 IE einer spezifischen Form von Vitamin D, genannt Cholecalciferol für Menschen bis 50 Jahre, und 800-2000 IE pro Tag für Menschen über 50. 

Die Canadian Cancer Society empfiehlt 1000 IE / Tag während der Herbst und Winter für Erwachsene in Kanada. Für diejenigen mit einem höheren Risiko, niedrige Vitamin-D-Spiegel zu haben, sollte diese Dosis das ganze Jahr über eingenommen werden. Dazu gehören Menschen, die dunkle Haut haben, tragen in der Regel Kleidung, die die meisten ihrer Haut bedeckt, und Menschen, die älter sind oder oft nicht gehen.

Viele Experten empfehlen jetzt Vitamin-D-Ergänzungen mit Cholecalciferol zu verwenden, um diese Aufnahmemengen zu erfüllen. Dies scheint wirksamer zu sein als eine andere Form von Vitamin D, Ergocalciferol genannt.

Referenzen anzeigen

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  • Caca-Biljanovska, N. G., Vlckova-Laskoska, M. T., Dervendi, D. V., Pesic, N. P., and Laskoski, D. S. Treatment of generalized morphea with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Adv.Exp.Med Biol. 1999;455:299-304. View abstract.
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